Scientists Investigating Parkinson’s “Belt” in the U.S. Linked to Toxic Chemicals

A growing number of scientists are investigating a disturbing trend in the United States dubbed the “Parkinson’s belt,” which covers areas with abnormally high rates of Parkinson’s disease. This condition, a progressive neurological disorder, affects movement, leading to tremors and stiffness. The focal point of this investigation is a chemical called trichloroethylene (TCE), an industrial solvent used in various industries and once widespread in dry cleaning, metal degreasing, and even medical anesthesia.

The “belt” spans multiple states, particularly in the Midwest and Rust Belt, regions heavily industrialized throughout the 20th century. The chemical TCE is believed to have leaked into water sources and soil, creating environmental exposure risks. Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Michigan are prominent locations under scrutiny due to their industrial history. According to researchers, TCE exposure may have contributed to the rise in Parkinson's disease in these areas, where industrial chemicals were prevalent for decades​.

In recent years, the alarming link between TCE and Parkinson’s has been strengthened by studies showing that prolonged exposure to TCE increases the risk of developing the disease by up to 70%. One key study, involving veterans stationed at Camp Lejeune in North Carolina, found a significantly higher rate of Parkinson’s among those exposed to contaminated water, which contained TCE levels far exceeding safety limits​.

The concern over TCE is compounded by its persistence in the environment. Despite being banned or restricted in several countries, the chemical remains in use in the United States. Furthermore, TCE contamination doesn’t just linger in industrial sites—it spreads into residential neighborhoods through contaminated groundwater. Over time, it can form “plumes” of pollution that extend far beyond the original source. These plumes create vapor intrusion, where the chemical evaporates into indoor air, potentially exposing millions of Americans without their knowledge.

Scientists are calling for urgent remediation efforts to clean up these contaminated sites, particularly in the areas hardest hit by Parkinson’s disease. Some argue that the U.S. government has been too slow to act on these findings, leaving communities vulnerable to toxic exposure. Complicating matters is that TCE’s use has shifted to industries like aerospace and automotive manufacturing, meaning its risk is still prevalent today​.

Adding to the urgency, a small study found that individuals exposed to TCE in their workplaces, such as dry cleaners or industrial plants, were up to five times more likely to develop Parkinson’s disease. Researchers noted that TCE’s ability to damage the brain’s dopamine-producing cells, which are crucial for controlling movement, is a key factor in its role in the onset of Parkinson’s.

The heightened risk of Parkinson's in these regions has also raised concerns about the broader environmental impact of industrial chemicals. Other volatile organic compounds (VOCs), like perchloroethylene (PCE), used in dry cleaning and degreasing, are under investigation for similar effects on neurological health. These chemicals can persist for years in the soil and water, leading to long-term health consequences for affected communities.

Public health experts are now pushing for stricter regulations on the use of TCE and other harmful chemicals. Some states have already taken steps to reduce or ban TCE use, but nationwide action has been limited. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has been slow to address the issue, although growing public awareness may force faster responses​.

With Parkinson’s diagnoses rising, now more than ever, scientists are urging authorities to take action. The potential for future generations to face the same risks due to slow governmental response is a growing concern.

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